Course : ENTO 121 Credit: 2(1+1) Semester-II
Course title: Fundamentals of
Entomology
Syllabus
Theory
Part-I
Introduction and History of
Entomology in India. Definitions: Insect, Entomology, Agricultural Entomology.
Classification of phylum Arthropoda up to classes. Relationship of class
Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda. Insect Dominance. Economic importance
of insects: Harmful, Beneficial and productive insects. Premier institutes
concerned with Entomology. Morphology:- Insect integument: structure and
functions. Cuticular appendages and processes. Moulting: Definition and steps
in moulting. Body segmentation: Structure of head, thorax and abdomen. Insect
head capsule: Important sclerites and sutures. Positions of head. Structure and
modifications of insect antennae, mouth parts, legs and wings (wing venation,
wing coupling apparatus). Structure of thorax and abdomen: segmentation,
appendages and processes, pregenital and post genital appendages and structure
of male and female genital organ. Metamorphosis: Definition and types of
metamorphosis with examples and its significance. Insect Diapause: Definition
and example, Seasonal adaptations in insects: aestivation, hibernation and
quiescence: Definitions; Insect egg: General structure, types of egg with
examples (at least one). Types of larva and pupa with examples. Structure and
functions of digestive, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, secretary
and reproductive systems in insects. Types of reproduction in insects. Sensory
organs sound producing organs in insects
Part-II
Systematics: Definitions:
Taxonomy, Systematics, Binomial nomenclature, Order, Family, Genus, Species,
Subspecies, Biotype. Binomial nomenclature: Definition and Rules.
Classification of Class Insecta upto Orders. Important orders: Important
distinguishing/taxonomic characters of orders with families of agricultural
importance with examples. Orthoptera: Acrididae, Tettigonidae, Gryllidae,
Gryllotalpidae; Dictyoptera: Mantidae, Blattidae; Odonata; Isoptera: Termitidae;
Thysanoptera: Thripidae; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae,
Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae,
Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae, Lophopidae, Lacciferidae; Neuroptera: Chrysopidae;
Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Pyralidae,
Gelechiidae, Arctiidae, Saturniidae, Bombycidae; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae,
Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Bruchidae, Scarabaeidae;
Hymenoptera: Tenthridinidae, Apidae. Trichogrammatidae, lchneumonidae,
Braconidae, Chalcididae; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Tachinidae, Agromyziidae,
Culicidae, Muscidae, Tephritidae.
Practical:
Methods of collection and preservation of insects. External features of
Cockroach. Types of insect antennae, mouthparts (dissection) and legs. Wing
venation, types of wings and wing coupling apparatus. Types of insect larvae
and pupae. Dissection of digestive system, Central nervous system, male and
female reproductive systems in insects (Cockroach/Grasshopper).
Distinguishing/taxonomic characters of orders: Orthoptera, Dictyoptera,
Odonata, Isoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera,
Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and their families of agricultural importance
with examples.
Suggested Readings:
1) Chapman, R. F. – The Insects
: Structure and Functions
2) David, B. V. and T.
Kumarswami – Elements of Economic Entomology
3) Marc J. Klowden-
Physiological Systems in Insects
4) Pant N.C. and Swaraj Ghai –
Insect Physiology and Anatomy
5) Nayar, K. K.; Anathkrishanan
T.N. and B.V.David – General and Applied Entomology
6) Richards O.W. and R.G.
Davies – Imms’ General Text Book of Entomology –Vol. I & II
7) Patton R.L.- Introductory
Insects Physiology
8) Wigglesworth – Principles of
Insects Physiology
9) Metcalf and Flint –
Destructive and Useful Insects; their habits and control
Teaching Schedules
a) Theory
Lecture
|
Topic
|
Weightage
(%)
|
1-2
|
|
10
|
3-4
|
|
10
|
5-6
|
|
20
|
7-8
|
|
10
|
9-12
|
|
20
|
13
|
Systematics
|
10
|
14
|
|
20
|
15-16
|
|
|
17-18
|
|
|
Total
|
100
|
b) Practical
Experiment
|
Topic
|
1
|
Methods of collection and
preservation of insects including immature stages
|
2
|
External features of typical
insect (e.g. Cockroach) structure of head, thorax and abdomen/General body
organization of insect
|
3
|
Structure of antennae and its
modifications along with examples
|
4
|
Study and dissection of
chewing and biting type of mouthparts
|
5
|
Study and dissection of
chewing and lapping type of mouthparts
|
6
|
Study and dissection of
piercing and sucking type of mouthparts
|
7
|
Study and dissection of
sponging type of mouthparts
|
8
|
Structure of typical leg and
modifications of legs
|
9
|
Study of insect wings:
Structure, wing venation, types of wings and wing coupling apparatus along
with examples
|
10
|
Types of larva and pupa
|
11
|
Study and dissection of
digestive system of cockroach
|
12
|
Study and dissection of
central nervous system of cockroach
|
13
|
Study and dissection of
female reproductive system of cockroach
|
14
|
Study and Dissection of male
reproductive system of cockroach
|
15
|
Study of distinguishing
taxonomic characters of orders and families of agricultural importance:
Odonata, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera
|
16
|
Study of distinguishing
taxonomic characters of orders and families of agricultural importance:
Isoptera, Thysanoptera and Hemiptera
|
17
|
Study of distinguishing
taxonomic characters of orders and families of agricultural importance:
Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera
|
18
|
Study of distinguishing
taxonomic characters of orders and families of agricultural importance:
Diptera and Coleoptera
|
Assignment : Each
student should collect at least 100 insect specimens belonging to the aforesaid
orders.
Distribution of Marks:
Practical
Particular
|
Marks
|
Collection
|
05
|
Practical Manual
|
05
|
Dissection (System)
|
12
|
Mouthpart dissection
|
08
|
Spotting
|
16
|
Viva-voce
|
04
|
Total marks
|
50
|
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